Database backups are one of the most important considerations in operational management.

In PostgreSQL, pg_dump and pg_dumpall commands produce logical backups of the database, multiple backups such as cold backup (directory copy) that physically copies the whole database cluster and PITR that enables recovery of data update after backup are available.

PITR creates a base backup by physically copying the entire database cluster using commands such as tar, but at this time, unlike cold backup, the database itself is not stopped. Instead, connect to the database as an administrator user before and after the backup and by executing the following command.

SELECT pg_start_backup ('some label');

SELECT pg_stop_backup ();

Therefore, the correct answer is E.